Depression

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, despair, and disinterest in activities once enjoyed, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as fatigue and changes in appetite or sleep.

Etiology:

The etiology of depression is complex, involving genetic predispositions, neurochemical imbalances, stressful life events, trauma, and other medical conditions, with each contributing to its development and severity.

Prevalence:

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders worldwide, affecting over 264 million people globally. It can occur at any age, but prevalence rates tend to peak during adolescence and young adulthood.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of depression may include persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide.

Treatment:

Treatment for depression often involves a combination of psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT), antidepressant medications (SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclics), lifestyle changes (exercise, healthy diet, sleep hygiene), and support groups. Effective treatment aims to alleviate symptoms, prevent recurrence, and improve overall functioning and quality of life.